We explain what school dropout is, what factors are involved in this phenomenon, its causes, consequences and how it can be avoided.
By dropping out of school, dropping out of school or leaving school early is understood as a departure from the formal education system, before having achieved the final degree corresponding to the completion of their studies. This phenomenon can occur in both education primary and secondary.
Due to its important consequences in the cultural and professional development of the community , there are numerous local, regional and international initiatives dedicated to combat it.
In addition, school dropout occurs both in countries of the industrialized world and in those belonging to the so-called Third World . The difference is that in the first case it usually occurs in tertiary or post-secondary education processes, while in the second case throughout the school chain: primary, secondary and tertiary.
There are five forms of school dropout, which are:
The school dropout does not have a simple or unique cause, but is due to various factors, both conditioning (that facilitate or complicate the study) and determinants (which prevent or allow the study to be flat).
In both cases, it is usually a set of social, cultural and economic causes that converge for students to drop out of school and devote themselves to something else. Attrition does not occur simply because people do not want to study , but it is a complex phenomenon that betrays other deeper reasons in society .
School dropout impoverishes the culture and educational level of society , making it more vulnerable in many ways. This is because the formal educational apparatus is much more than simply a way of incorporating practical or usable knowledge into the student.
On the contrary, when leaving formal education, the student also loses the opportunity to take advantage of what the system offers as an early socialization process , of education in civic, moral , democratic values , which the individual will then put into practice during adulthood. , when it comes to linking with others.
To this, obviously, the interruption of the professional educational process must be added, which truncates the possibilities of overcoming the individual , forcing him to live from the exercise of less profitable, more sacrificed or even illegal work, since he lacks more complex tools to be useful to society in other ways.
The school dropout factors are the elements and conditions that trigger it. They may be:
The fight against dropping out of school implies a joint fight against all the factors that favor it , such as poverty, exclusion, drug addiction or criminality. So it is not a simple task. However, good steps in that direction are as follows:
The school dropout figures in Mexico increase as the age of the students increases , according to the 2015 Intercensal Survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Inegi). Thus, between 6 and 11 years, 98% of infants attend school, but as the age increases to the range of 12 to 17, the dropout rate also increases.
In 2015, in fact, 2.2 million teenagers dropped out of school (16.2%). The main reasons for such attrition are lack of interest in the study, lack of aptitude or resources for income (48.3%) and poverty (14.2%).
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