We explain what combustion is, how it occurs and what are the stages of the reaction. In addition, classification and examples.
Combustion is a type of exothermic chemical reaction . It may involve matter in a gaseous state or in a heterogeneous state (liquid-gas or solid-gas). It generates light and heat and is produced more or less quickly.
Traditionally, combustion is understood as a process of rapid oxidation of certain combustible elements, that is, mainly constituted by hydrogen, carbon and sometimes sulfur. In addition, it necessarily takes place in the presence of oxygen .
In fact, combustions are forms of redox reaction (reduction-oxidation) that can occur both in a controlled manner, as in internal combustion engines, or uncontrolled, as in explosions. They involve the exchange of electrons between atoms of matter during the reaction. Therefore, they generate thermal and light energy.
In addition result other gaseous and solid substances such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor, or solid waste fuel (the substance consumed in the reaction) and the oxidizer (substance which promotes the reaction) , always according to its chemical nature.
Thus, although in the traditional image of combustion there is always fire involved, it is possible that this is not generated, since it is nothing more than a form of plasma (ionized gas) resulting from the release of heat from the chemical reaction.
Combustions are a type of redox reaction , that is, oxidation reduction. This means that in them one material oxidizes (loses electrons), while the other one reduces (gains electrons).
In the case of combustion, the oxidizing agent (oxygen) obtains electrons from the reducing agent (fuel) , or what is the same, between the oxidizer and the fuel. This generally occurs according to the following formula:
Compound + O 2 = Other compound + CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy
The compounds may vary, depending on their nature, as well as energy levels may vary . But carbon dioxide and water vapor are constant in all types of combustion.
There are three types of combustion, which are the following:
Combustion processes actually comprise a set of rapid and simultaneous chemical reactions, which may well be considered as one, which goes through the following phases or stages:
Some simple examples of combustion in everyday life are:
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