We explain what an ionic bond is and its different properties. In addition, its uses and some examples of this chemical bond.
It is understood by ionic bond or electrovalent bonding to one of the chemical binding mechanisms, which generally occurs between metallic and nonmetal atoms , fused due to the permanent transfer of electrons , and thus producing an electromagnetically charged molecule, known as an ion.
Electronic transfer in the ionic bond always occurs from metallic to non-metallic atoms, or in any case, from the most electronegative to the least. This is because the joint is produced by attraction between particles of different signs, whose variation in the coefficient of electronegativity is greater than or equal to 1.7 on the Pauling scale.
It should be clarified that although the ionic bond is usually distinguished from the covalent (consisting of a shared use of electronic pairs in the outer layer of both atoms), in reality there is no pure ionic bond , but this model consists of an exaggeration of the bond covalent , useful for the study of atomic behavior in these cases. But there is always some margin of covalence in these unions.
However, unlike the covalent bonds that often constitute polar molecules , ions do not have a positive and a negative pole, but only a single charge predominates in them . Thus, we will have cations when it is a positive charge (+) and we will have anions when it is a negative charge (-).
The general characteristics of this type of link are:
Some examples of ions obtained by this chemical process are:
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