We explain what a server is, its main features and what it is for. Also, what is a web server, classification and examples.
In computing , it is known as a server (English server) to a computer that is part of a computer network and provides certain services to the rest of the computers of the same, called in turn stations or customers. Said computer must have a specific application capable of responding to the requests of the different clients and providing them with a timely response, so that in reality within the same physical computer ( hardware ) several simultaneous servers ( software ) can operate , provided they have the necessary logistic resources.
The servers operate based on a client-server communication model (or “architecture”), distributing the tasks among the providers of available resources , thus offering their clients the opportunity to share data , specific information and access to certain resources of software and hardware, such as a specific application or peripheral. This is how web pages and email services work, for example .
Commonly, servers can be classified according to their availability in dedicated and shared . Dedicated servers are those that have all their hardware and processing resources to meet customer requests; while shared servers are those that, in addition to receiving requests from clients through the network , attend processes locally, outside the network.
Since the servers are computers responsible for meeting the demands of the clients of the network, one of its main characteristics is that they must have their resources constantly so that the network is operational all the time. That is, they must always be on, always available . This is the reason why sometimes a web page or its resources cannot be loaded: if a server collapses or breaks down, a certain segment of the network under its charge will no longer be available to its clientele.
On the other hand, the servers are usually high-end computers , equipped with sufficient processing capacity to meet numerous client requests with a minimum delay. This also implies having a constant supply of electricity and other physical resources to guarantee its operation. In fact, in many cases, the servers are stored in compartments very well conditioned for it, even climate: in a sufficiently cold and dust-free environment, overheating of the system is avoided.
The servers, as we have said, are responsible for responding to the requests of the clients of a given network, and managing the resources available to it so that each client can access the information or the peripherals it needs. In that sense, servers can have very different functions, such as:
Web servers are programs (software) for everyday use on the Internet , which intermediate between the server on which the data requested by the client and their own computer are hosted , allowing connections through various data protocols, such as the known HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol ). That is, these are programs that mediate between a user’s Internet browser and the place where the information they are looking for or needs resides.
This term is also used to refer to the computer itself (hardware) in which the files that make up a website are stored , together with the software necessary to comply with the web data connection.
Web servers can be of two kinds, depending on their content:
Some of the most used web servers are the following:
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