We explain what a battery is and how this device works. In addition, the types of batteries that exist and what is a battery.
An electric battery , also called an electric battery or accumulator, is an artifact composed of electrochemical cells capable of converting chemical energy inside it into electrical energy , through the accumulation of alternating current . In this way, they serve to power different electrical circuits, depending on their size and power.
Batteries are fully incorporated into our daily lives since its invention in the nineteenth century and its mass marketing in the twentieth century, by the hand of electronics. Remote controls, motor vehicles, watches, computers of all kinds, cell phones and a huge number of contemporary devices use batteries as a method of power, so they are manufactured in various powers and proportions.
The batteries have a charging capacity determined by the nature of their composition , and that is measured in ampere-hours (Ah), which means that the battery can give an ampere of current over a continuous hour of life. The greater its load capacity, the more current it can store inside.
Finally, the short life cycle of most commercial batteries has made them a potent contaminant of water and soil , since once they have completed their life cycle they cannot be recharged or reused, and they are discarded. After oxidizing its metal cover, the batteries pour their chemical content into the environment and alter their composition and pH .
The fundamental principle of a battery consists of the oxidation-reduction ( redox ) reactions of certain chemical substances, one of which loses electrons (oxidizes) while the other gains (reduces), being able to return to its initial configuration given the conditions necessary: the injection of electricity (charge) or the closing of the circuit (discharge).
The batteries contain chemical cells that have a positive pole (cathode) and a negative pole (anode) , as well as electrolytes that allow the electrical flow to the outside. These cells convert chemical energy into electricity, through an irreversible process (practically) that once consumed, depletes its ability to receive energy . In that two types of cells are distinguished:
There are many types of batteries, according to the elements used in its manufacture, such as:
The terms battery and battery in this context are synonyms , and come from the initial times of the human manipulation of electricity . The first accumulators consisted of groupings of metal cells or discs to increase the current supplied initially, and which could be arranged in two ways: one on the other, forming a battery , or one next to the other, on battery .
It should be clarified, however, that in many Spanish-speaking countries only the term battery is used , preferring accumulator for other electrical devices, such as capacitors, etc.
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