We explain what are the abiotic factors, both physical and chemical, in an ecosystem. Difference with biotics, examples.
Abiotic factors are all those elements of a physical or chemical nature that are involved in the characterization of a particular biotope or ecosystem . They differ from biotic factors in that they have nothing to do with life or living beings , but with inanimate and environmental factors, such as climate or the nature of soils.
The abiotic term, in fact, is used in biology and ecology to designate everything that is not part or product of organic life as we know it. These elements present in the environment are also called inert factors, such as geological or geographical.
A given ecosystem is composed of the sum of these two types of factors: biotics (contemplated in biocenosis ) and abiotic (contemplated in the biotope ). Both types of factors, however, can be differentiated for study purposes, but they have dense and varied relationships in reality : abiotic factors affect biotics and shape the course of their evolution (through adaptation processes , for example, or natural selection) and in turn the biotic factors alter the nature of the former.
For example : The salinity level of sea waters can affect creatures that inhabit it, allowing those capable of adapting to proliferate and those that do not become extinct or migrate to other regions. Similarly, the proliferation of certain types of microorganisms can increase or decrease the concentration of certain substances in the water, modifying their chemical constitution.
Abiotic factors of a physical nature are those linked to the forces acting on ecosystems on Earth, for example:
The chemical abiotic factors, on the other hand, have to do with the constitution of matter and the different reactions that take place with it within a given ecosystem, such as:
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