We explain what organic matter is and how it is classified. In addition, its importance, examples and differences with inorganic matter.
Organic matter is all that chemically composed around carbon as its fundamental atoms , which is why organic chemistry is known as the “carbon chemistry”. Thus, when we talk about organic matter we mean the one that is linked to life : the one that makes up the bodies of living beings , as well as most of their substances and waste materials.
At the same time, in geological terms, organic matter constitutes the first layer of the soil , composed of decaying remains of living beings, such as plants, animals and waste that provide various nutrients to producing organisms, such as vegetation. The most fertile soils are precisely those with the highest presence of organic matter.
Organic matter generally consists of:
The organic matter of the soil is the product of the various life cycles of living beings , whose bodies release waste and substances that, when decomposed, form a diverse mass, rich in nutrients and highly usable by autotrophic organisms such as plants.
Three types of organic matter are usually distinguished in relation to the constitution of soils:
The presence of decomposing organic matter is of the utmost importance in soils, as has been seen, not only to supply nutrients, plants and fungi with other materials, as a fertilizer, but also modify the properties physical-chemical soil , allowing it to retain more water, and preventing its degradation by operating as a pH buffer , as well as preventing violent temperature fluctuations in it.
On the other hand, organic matter is necessary so that heterotrophic organisms , such as humans themselves , can keep our metabolisms going , since we cannot synthesize the substances we require such as plants. Therefore, all heterotrophs feed on the organic matter of the bodies of other animals and plants.
Some common examples of organic compounds are:
Inorganic matter is that which is not the product of life’s own chemical reactions , but is due to the logic of ionic and electromagnetic attraction. This does not mean that they are substances totally foreign to living beings, since many of them are present in their bodies or serve as a food substrate.
While organic matter is formed due to processes linked to living things, inorganic is due to electromagnetic processes, known as ionic bonds or metal bonds .
The differences between organic and inorganic matter can be summarized as follows:
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