We explain what the meridians and parallels are, the characteristics of each one and how they are used. In addition, geographical coordinates.
The meridians and parallels are two types of imaginary lines with which the world is usually organized geographically . With them, a coordinate system is constructed that allows you to accurately locate any point on the globe based on its latitude and longitude.
Specifically the meridians are the vertical lines with which we can segment the globe into equal portions. They are all born in the North Pole and extend to the South (or vice versa).
For their part, the parallels are the horizontal lines that do the same. The parallel 0 is the equator. The other parallels are repeated by drawing smaller circles in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The combination of these two sets of lines forms a grid.
Both types of lines have a reference point from which to enumerate both meridians and parallels, using sexagesimal degrees (expressed as follows: degrees °, minutes ‘and seconds’):
The application effect of this system translates into:
As we have seen in the previous cases, a sort of grid emerges from the union of meridians (longitude) and parallels (latitude). This geographic coordinate system consists of the expression of the value of a geographical point from its numerical record of latitude and longitude in sexagesimal degrees.
For example, the geographical coordinates of Moscow are 55 ° 45 ‘8’ ‘N (that is, its latitude in the Northern Hemisphere is between the 55 and 56 parallel) and 37 ° 36’ 56 ” E (that is, its length is between meridian 37 and 38). With this system, satellite location mechanisms such as GPS operate today.
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