We explain what the organizational structure is, its characteristics, types and elements that compose it. Also, what is an organization chart.
Organizational structure is known as the internal and administrative organization forms of a company or organization . This also includes the distribution of work in specific areas or departments according to the same structure.
In other words, the organizational structure of a company is the way it conceives itself, the way it plans its work and formally distributes its responsibilities . The organizational structure is the shape of a company.
Companies and organizations usually organize themselves based on the objectives they have set. On the other hand, their structure also responds to the internal management model they use, that is, how they conceive authority, administrative hierarchy and division of their work.
Each company has its own organizational structure. It is possible to modify it and adapt it to new scenarios and needs if necessary, although that usually implies major changes and remodeling.
Every organizational structure is a formal order, that is, it appears in the company’s documents and is reflected in its organizational chart . The latter represents the different people who work in it and their specific positions.
They are usually based on a principle of specialization and departmentalization , that is, the construction of work blocks in which certain tasks are carried out: public relations , human resources, administrative management, etc. The larger a company is, the more specialized its departments will be.
These structures can be of two types:
On the other hand, they generally respond to a previous idea of how to organize a team to achieve a common goal . In that consideration , technology , human resources and the “spirit” or business personality of the organization must be taken into account .
Generally speaking there are four types of organizational structure:
According to Henry Mintzberg, a Canadian student of the subject, the organizational structure always includes 5 different elements:
The organizational structure is a fundamental aspect of the understanding of any company, that is, the way in which it conceives and organizes itself. A good organization guarantees a more harmonious functionality and to achieve the desired characteristics in the company, at least in principle.
On the contrary, an inadequate or chaotic structure introduces problems to the organization that it would not normally have, hindering tasks that could otherwise be daily and simple.
Departmentalization is understood as the sectorization of business tasks in different units called departments , and is one of the basic principles of the organizational structure. Each department meets a specific set of needs, based on a specific organizational criteria, such as:
It is known as chart a graphical representation of the organizational structure of a company . It is usually done as a visual scheme , encompassing positions and departments in boxes or balloons and linking them with each other and with their superiors and subordinates by straight lines.
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