We explain what the nervous system is and what its functions are. Parts of the nervous system and most common diseases.
The set of organs and structures of control and information of the human body is called a nervous system , consisting of highly differentiated cells known as neurons , which are capable of transmitting electrical impulses along a vast network of nerve endings.
The nervous system is common to the human being and most roped animals, arthropods, mollusks, platelmints and cnidarians. Other animal groups, such as protozoa, porifers and plants, on the other hand, do not have a differentiated nervous system.
This apparatus for transmitting chemical and electrical energy travels through the entire body and allows the coordination of movements and actions of the body , both conscious and reflex, from which two types of nervous system are distinguished: the somatic and the autonomous . The former would deal with the connection between the extremities of the body and the brain, while the latter would deal with reflex and involuntary actions.
Studies on the evolution of the nervous system indicate that already the edge of the sponges, despite having no nerve cells, showed the genetic basis for the appearance of this system. It is believed that the first neuron appeared 635 million years ago , in the Ediacharic period, and its evolution would run parallel to the development of the eyes and other complex senses in primitive animals.
The nervous system of the human body is divided into two sets:
Central Nervous System (CNS) . Responsible for the processing of information collected by the senses and the taking of conscious actions. It is made up of the following organs:
Peripheral Nervous System (SNP) . The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves, which run through the body and are divided into two groups:
As stated before, the nervous system has the basic function of connecting nerve processing centers such as the brain , with the periphery of the extremities and the various organs of the body.
In the first place, this allows activating the muscles and promoting movement, both voluntary (walking, holding things, etc.) and involuntary (bowel movements, breathing , reflexes, etc.). Secondly, it allows sensory coordination of stimuli, such as pain and touch , and their transmission to cause responses, which is vital in the protection of the organism as a whole.
The best known of the diseases that afflict the nervous system are:
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