We explain what is speech and what are the components of this human capacity. In addition, their disorders and theories of speech act.
The word speaks comes from the Latin word fable , which refers to the ability to speak , typical of the human being. This is a faculty that people begin to develop gradually, expanding their vocabulary in the course of childhood.
The societies over time build different languages, which function as eligible instruments and are transmitted by the own community, through which individuals can communicate with each other. While language is the set of signs and rules with which that code understood by all manifests itself, speech is the individual appropriation of language, which is acquired in a much more passive way.
This distinction was formalized by Ferdinand de Saussure, the Swiss linguist father of semiology, which is the discipline that deals with signs (and understands them as both acoustic-concept images) and their social behavior.
It consists of problems that prevent a subject from making proper use of the voice, not being able to make sounds correctly, or because of the shape or rhythm. It is often confused with language disorders, but they are not the same, since the latter is related to the understanding of what others say. Although both types of pathologies can occur simultaneously.
Some examples of speech disorders are dysrhythmias and stuttering.
Regarding the philosophy of human language, one of the first authors to deepen the speech was John Austin, who developed the well-known theory about speech acts. This theory includes oral communication between one person and another, understanding that the message is captured and produces an effect on the recipient.
Austin’s first classification is done according to the function of the sentence:
In the case of the sequences of several speech acts, organized in the form of dialogue, a new act can be detached. It is the macro-speech act, which will be a brief summary, the main and main part of the process of several speeches acts, performed by one or several people. An example of this could be an invitation to a place or a promise. The macro-act of speech may also be direct or indirect, depending on whether or not there is an explanation.
Depending on their purpose, acts can be classified as:
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