We explain what non-verbal communication is, what are its characteristics and elements. In addition, how it is classified and examples.
When we talk about nonverbal communication we mean all those forms of communication that do not use language as a vehicle and system to express themselves . That is, all those means of transmission of a message that do not require words or verbal language.
We must not confuse non-verbal communication with non-oral communication, that is, the one that does not pass through the spoken voice. One can write on paper or use sign language (such as the language of the deaf and dumb) and be using the language but through different media or representation systems .
Nonverbal communication has to do with gestures, sounds, movements and other paralinguistic elements , that is, they usually accompany the use of verbal language to clarify and channel it. So much so that it is possible not to verbally convey a message contrary to what is expressed by words.
Animals also exercise a certain type of nonverbal communication . Only the human being is capable, instead, of a verbal language.
Nonverbal communication does not follow the same basic rules as verbal, so it does not have a syntax (a specific order of appearance of the signs) but is articulated based on context and circumstances . There is a certain margin of conventionality in some cases, such as in the movements of the head to indicate a “yes” or a “no”, but even those gestures are not universal and in some cultures they are interpreted backwards.
On the other hand, it is a form of non-discretionary communication , which depends on the capacity of the sender and the receiver to capture and interpret the message in an appropriate manner, since there is no common or universal code that intermediates. In this type of communication, non-logical aspects of our mind, such as emotionality and empathy, have a greater predominance .
Nonverbal communication complies with the communication circuit of any kind: it has a sender, a receiver, a message, a channel and a certain code (since there is no conventional language to turn to). That means that the messages are made through other senses and using other parts of the body, such as:
In that sense, nonverbal communication is much more versatile than that spoken , since it has a more free set of meanings and signs to elaborate and can even incorporate contextual elements: point to an object or direction, take an object, or perform a mimicry or imitation of an action that you want to transmit.
When we talk about nonverbal language, we mean:
Kinesic or kinetic is another name for verbal communication through body language, that is, through limb and torso movements that have an expressive, appellative or communicative meaning, and that can go alongside verbal language or its replacement. In that sense, it belongs to the parallel languages: the forms of nonverbal communication available to the human being, which are more or less codified in culture, without losing a certain instinctive sense.
Some examples of nonverbal communication can be:
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