We explain what lithium is and where this chemical element comes from. Discovery, uses and presence in the human body.
Lithium (Li) is an alkaline, metallic, diamagnetic but highly reactive chemical element that rapidly oxidizes in air or water. In its pure form it is a soft metal , silvery white and extremely light, which is not in a free state in nature.
It is a sodium-like element, moderately abundant on our planet, especially in volcanic or salt routes (85% of its reserves are in Bolivian, Chilean and Argentinean territory). Along with hydrogen and helium, lithium is one of the very first elements of the universe , whose creation would respond to the same big bang .
Its name comes from the Greek word for “stone”: lithios , since it was discovered in ancient times as part of large boulders. His modern understanding however dates back to 1817, when Johann Arfvedson discovered it in a Swedish petalite mine. Its obtaining by electrolysis was much later, however, and its commercialization began in 1923 by a German company.
Like other alkali metals, lithium is highly flammable and potentially explosive once exposed to air or, even more, to water . It is also corrosive, and in large quantities can be toxic, by inhibiting the absorption of iodine vital to thyroid hormones.
Lithium has the following applications:
Lithiums is represented by the chemical symbol Li and is found in the Periodic Table in group 1, together with the rest of the alkali metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and french (Fr). Its atomic number is 3.
Lithiums can cause damage to the human body , for example, by coming into contact with the skin. Being a powerful desiccant, it quickly removes moisture from it, causing burns.
The intake of compounds with lithiums in controlled quantities can be beneficial in the face of certain psychiatric conditions, since it acts on certain neurotransmitters, stabilizing the mood.
However, it increases cell permeability by replacing sodium in cell membranes , preventing the realization of the ATPase sodium substrate substrate pump, which is toxic on a large scale.
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