We explain what inertia is and what types exist. Newton’s principle of inertia and everyday examples where inertia is experienced.
Inertia is called in physics the resistance that bodies oppose to modify their state of motion or stillness , either to alter their speed, their course or to stop; although the term also applies to the modifications of your physical state.
A body thus requires force to overcome inertia to alter its trajectory , which otherwise would stick to the laws of the movement rectilinear uniform, or to start a movement, because otherwise remain idle. This, of course, considering that there is no rest or rectilinear and uniform movement in the universe , except based on a reference (observation) system. That is why it is preferred to speak of “relative rest.”
In this way, a body or system will have greater inertia insofar as it requires forces of greater intensity to modify its state of motion or to modify its physical state. These resistances are called “inertial forces” to change the state of movement or physical state, and they are fictitious forces that the observer perceives within the frame of reference.
Thus, two types of inertia are distinguished in physics: mechanical and thermal.
However, mechanical inertia can be further subdivided into:
The principle of inertia, known as Newton’s First Law , says that bodies will tend to maintain their state of rest or uniform rectilinear motion until an external force is applied to them capable of overcoming such resistance , which is referred to as above. We said, inertial force.
This principle of physics was formulated mathematically by Sir Isaac Newton in his work Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica published in 1687, from the well-known Law of inertia of Galileo Galilei. And one of its fundamental concepts is the equivalence between the state of rest (speed 0) and that of rectilinear and uniform movement, since in both cases, if presented, they imply that no external force is acting on the body in question.
On the other hand, if we observe a body moving and losing speed gradually, we can attribute that loss of speed to the effect of friction forces that overcome its inertial principle.
Inertia can be verified and experienced through numerous examples. Some may be:
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