We explain what human geography is, its branches, characteristics and examples. In addition, differences with physical geography.
The second major division of Geography , along with physical geography, is called humans geography or anthropogeography . It deals, unlike the latter, with the spatial study of human societies and their relations with the environment . That is, it focuses on the unnatural aspects of planet Earth, as a kind of “humans ecology.”
Its initiator was the German Karl Ritter (1779-1859) and his successor, the French Élisée Reclus (1830-1905). The first written work of the discipline appeared in the 19th century, with the name of Anthropogeography and was the work of the German Friedrich Raztel (1844-1904), considered as one of its founders.
The methodologies used in humans geography are similar to those of general geography, being in themselves extremely diverse, both qualitative and quantitative. It is common to see the use of case studies, surveys, statistical analyzes and mathematical models , always depending on the specific topic of the study and the auxiliary disciplines used.
Human geography includes, among others, the following fields of study:
Human geography has three main fields of study , which are:
All this allows a spatial approach to human activities, which in turn allows to address problems of a historical, political , cultural or social nature.
Some examples of research in human geography are:
Human geography is an important field of studies today, especially after the emergence of global theoretical perspectives, which require the study of migratory flows, dynamics of international trade and other complex human processes, involving states, cultures and individuals.
On the other hand, the plural perspective of human geography gives the field of study of general geography an indispensable element , because throughout the thousands of years of human presence on Earth, we have gradually made our presence felt through the modification of the environment around us.
Unlike human geography, centered on the population and its distribution and relations with the environment, physical geography focuses solely on the physical, that is, natural , aspects of the planet.
Its geographical approach does not take into account, then, the “human ecology”, but that of the rest of the life forms , as well as the processes and patterns of the geosphere , atmosphere and hydrosphere . Physical and human geography constitute the two great branches into which general geography is divided.
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