We explain what geothermal energy is, and how it is obtained. Its advantages and disadvantages. Examples of geothermal energy.
Geothermal energy is a type of more or less renewable energy, of volcanic origin , that is, it consists of harnessing the internal heat of the Earth to extract from the subsoil water at high temperatures, from which caloric energy can be extracted or that can Used to generate electricity.
As we get closer to the planet’s core, temperatures rise considerably, as there is more pressure , more gravity , and less distance from the molten metal core that is the heart of the Earth. That is why numerous deposits of boiling water can be found underground, which can be released and driven to the surface, giving rise to large steam jets, geysers and hot springs that, since ancient times, have been used by humanity for various purposes . These types of deposits are very frequent in areas of high volcanic activity.
This type of energy is popular because it comes from a renewable source, although there are complications that can lead to the extinction of the deposits. These, incidentally, can be of three types:
As stated, geothermal energy comes from the waters of the earth’s subsoil, whose pressure and temperature occurs naturally. In these deposits, geothermal plants that release water or steam are usually installed, use it to generate electricity or to extract heat and redirect it , and then re-inject water at ordinary temperature to the well, to continue the cycle.
There are also more homemade ways of obtaining, such as heating by geothermal pumps, which allows the use of gas or boiling water from the subsoil to provide heat to entire homes or buildings, if not to heat greenhouses and agricultural drying facilities.
The main advantages of this type of energy are:
At the same time, geothermal energy has the following setbacks:
This type of energy is directly usable, to heat buildings, dry agricultural or industrial inputs , even cook food. It is an immediate heat source.
In geoelectric plants, on the other hand, this heat is used to boil water (or the steam directly extracted from the well is used) to mobilize a complex of turbines that, as in nuclear electrical installations or fossil fuels, generate electricity usable
Some examples of this type of energy are:
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