We explain what geology is, its different branches and how it is studied. In addition, its relationship with biology and geography.
Geology is the natural science dedicated to the study of planet Earth . Its objective is to understand the physical composition and internal and external structure of our planet, as well as the different processes and dynamics that have allowed its evolution from its formation to our times. Its name comes from the Greek Geo , “Earth”, and logos , “word or knowledge.”
Geology is often referred to in the plural, that is, as geological sciences, since it encompasses specialized branches in a single aspect of the Earth , such as its climate, its mineral exploration, its tectonic dynamics, and a long etcetera. It can even be applied, by extension, to other stars in the Solar System .
On the one hand, geology includes theoretical knowledge, such as the approach to the formation of planet Earth. On the other hand, it also offers concrete applications in specific fields of human activity, such as geotechnics and civil engineering, and even in the understanding and prevention of large-scale terrestrial phenomena, such as earthquakes.
Geology comprises the following main branches, among many others not mentioned:
Geology is a wide and diverse science . It has multiple applications, which in cases can save lives , as in civil engineering, seismology or other specialties. On the other hand, it has multiple economically profitable uses, such as petroleum sciences, mineralogy and many others.
In addition, it provides enormous amounts of valuable information regarding the nature of our own planet . Geology is a source of information about the past and present of the Earth, and in that sense it can help us to extrapolate their knowledge to other planets, or even to foresee the future of ours.
The biology and geology have many points of agreement . In the first place, they join in paleontology to study fantastic prehistoric beings , of which fossils hardly remain underground.
In addition, together they study the complex relationships between life and inorganic elements . They can explain how organisms modify, transport, fix or alter them at their convenience, leaving a chemical mark that geologists are able to recognize, even millions of years later.
Similarly, the geological changes of the Earth have their impact on the course of life , as is evident in the chaos of evolution : consider how the species that were separated from others due to the separation of their habitat from plate tectonics, take a different evolutionary course and end up being totally different species.
Although similar are written, geography and geology are totally different fields of study, although close to each other. The geographer is dedicated to the study of planet Earth as it is today , that is, not only to its political or human division, but also to the distribution of its mineral resources or natural accidents, among other things.
Instead, as we have said, the geologist mainly studies the Earth’s processes that led from his formation to the panorama that the geographer studies, that is, he is interested in the past and present of the planet. However, both disciplines nurture each other to enrich their respective fields of knowledge.
Geology is a university degree , that is, a bachelor’s degree. It usually takes five (5) years to study. Among its components are subjects borrowed from other exact sciences , such as physics, chemistry or biology, in addition to other social science subjects , such as geography, history or economics.
This career provides its professionals with naturalistic training and technical preparation . On the one hand, so that they can understand the complex processes of the terrestrial nature , and on the other hand, to be able to quantify, measure and take advantage of their resources.
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