We explain what filtration is and the types that exist. In addition, some examples and methods of separation of mixtures.
It is known as filtration technique to separate solids in suspension in a fluid (liquid or gas), employing a filter media: a porous solid which is now called sieve, filter or screen. This filter retains the larger solids and allows the passage of the fluid, together with the smaller particles.
The filtration process is thus very similar to that of sieving, except that the latter occurs between solid materials of different thickness or size. Filtration is part of the methods of separation of mixtures most used in the daily life of the human being and in its various industries, so there are also different devices capable of carrying it out with a varied range of precision.
There is also talk of leaks with regard to excess moisture that softens cement and other construction materials, allowing water to flood the pores of walls, ceilings and floors, breaking through and deteriorating them. In that case, it is the water that filters through the cement.
Depending on the filter material used, we can distinguish various types of filtration:
Some daily examples of filtration may well be:
Water filtration is a necessary process to guarantee its minimum potability , that is, it does not contain stones, earth, metals or other waste materials that may have dragged on its way to our homes.
For this purpose , filtering devices or mechanisms installed in the pipeline are used , which retain dirt and solid materials, allowing water to pass through their porous bodies. This mechanism does not prevent against microorganisms, so it guarantees only a first sanitary measure for water consumption .
Filtering is just one of the possible methods of separation of mixtures, that is, of the procedures we have when it comes to separating two or more substances that go together. Other methods of this nature are:
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