We explain what chromatography is, how it is used to separate mixtures, what are its phases, what types exist and examples.
Chromatography is a method of separating complex mixtures , which is widely used in various branches of science . For this, it uses the principle of selective retention , which consists of the different behavior of the components of a mixture on a specific support (such as paper, gas, a neutral liquid, etc.).
Thus, chromatography uses various techniques that take advantage of the differences in the adsorption rate of each component, identifying them, in addition, by taking into account the color spectrum that the mixture throws over time. This method allows each component to be separated in a high state of purity or, by identifying them, determining their exact proportion.
For this, adsorption (different from absorption ) is key, a concept that refers to the coefficient of adhesion that the mixture manifests with respect to the support. Thus, according to the difference in reaction rates of the components of the mixture, its concentration percentage can be measured, when not separated from the whole.
Chromatography separation involves two distinct phases:
Depending on their nature, some substances will tend to move and others to remain on the support, according to how many aesthetic and mobile phases of different conditions (liquid, solid and gaseous) are carried out.
Depending on the nature of the support (static phase) and the mobile substance (mobile phase), the following types of chromatography can be distinguished:
On the other hand, according to the type of interaction between the stationary and mobile phases, we have the following types of chromatography:
Some everyday examples of the application of chromatography are:
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