We explain what capitalism is and how this economic system emerges. Differences with socialism and stages according to Marx.
Capitalism is an economic system, where capital prevails over labor and is the basis of wealth . Within this regime, private property and free trade are two basic bases. The word ” kapitalism ” began to be used in the 19th century by Marx.
Capitalism is an order or social system that arises with the usufruct of private property over capital as a production tool. It is a productive structure from which a whole social order , interpersonal relationships, ideology, decision making , ways of acting and subjective thinking derive.
The sociologist Manuel Castells defines capitalism not only as a productive mode but also as a mode of action and interpretation of life.
Within this system, those who participate in the market are driven by their own interests. Three actors can be distinguished within the market.
After the fall of the feudal economic system in Europe, the capitalist system emerges. Two historical landmarks that helped to consolidate the system as such should be highlighted, on the one hand from the ideological point of view of the French Revolution , and from the economic point of view of the Industrial Revolution .
Karl Marx is considered the thinker who best explained capitalism. Marx defines the so-called original accumulation as the basis of capitalism. For this, the expropriation of the land workers and the artisans had been necessary and in turn the exploitation of the colonies.
In addition, Marx defines three stages of the capitalist regime:
Capitalism is a system that has been highly criticized , one of the great opponents being Karl Marx himself, denouncing the exploitation of man by man , as if it were a mere commodity. He even found certain contradictions within the system, and that is why he professes the extinction of the capitalist regime to achieve what he calls the socialist or communist system.
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