We explain what an alloy is and the types of alloys that can be manufactured. In addition, some examples of this metallic mixture.
Alloy is known as the combination of two or more metallic elements , to constitute a new material that has the properties of its ingredients.
Alloys are usually considered as mixtures, since there are no chemical reactions between the joined elements , that is, their atoms do not intertwine or change the constitution of their molecules .
In general, different metallic materials are combined in the alloys, although one can also be combined with a nonmetallic one to alter its properties.
But the resulting material will always have metallic characteristics: brightness, good thermal and electrical conduction , greater or lesser hardness, malleability and ductility, etc. This is a usual procedure in the steel and materials industry, and is the only way to obtain substances such as bronze or brass.
Every alloy consists of at least two ingredients : a base material to which the alloying materials are added, which can be one or more. The specific properties of the result will depend directly on the properties of the elements involved, as well as the proportion between them.
Therefore, by adding more amount of alloying material, the characteristics of the base material are further modified. Depending on the case, the proportion between them may consist of minimum percentages (0.2 to 2%) or much higher and notorious.
Alloys are commonly classified according to the predominance of one element over others in the mixture (for example, we talk about copper alloys, regardless of what the other ingredients are).
However, they are also divided according to the quantity of ingredients involved, as follows:
Finally, it is often distinguished between heavy alloys and light alloys, depending on the properties of the base element. Thus, aluminum alloys are light, while those of iron are heavy.
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