We explain what a work team is, the roles it contains, its types and other characteristics. In addition, its function in the animal world.
A work team is a group of individuals oriented towards the achievement of a single common objective , that is, the undertaking of teamwork or collaborative work. Usually, it allows people with different talents, knowledge or skills to be associated to move towards the common goal, thanks to the synergy of individual abilities.
Since time immemorial, teamwork is one of the strategies most effective development of mankind, and that where the individual fails, the group generally prevails. Not for nothing we are social beings, gregarious, who prefer to live in the company of their peers. And in that sense, work teams of different nature have always existed.
Its strength and effectiveness lies in its cohesion and in the sense of belonging shared by its members, which promotes solidarity and cooperation . Thus, the weaknesses of some are compensated by the strengths of others, and the whole can move towards its proposed objectives.
However, this type of dynamics can only occur when teamwork does not become competition and internal struggle.
Work teams are usually characterized by:
There are six possible forms of work team, depending on their orientation and purposes. These are:
A work team can have as many roles as it requires, and these can be formal or not, fixed or rotating, all according to the nature of the group. Even in some cases the same individual can play more than one role.
The main assignable roles in a work team are:
At first glance, both terms appear to be synonyms: work group and work team. But a fundamental difference separates them, which has to do with the degree of internal organization that one has.
Thus, work teams are usually stable, fixed, with a certain level of commitment and formality, even when it comes to informal teams. There is a hierarchy and an internal order to solve certain problems.
In contrast, the working groups are much more flexible and horizontal . They do not necessarily have a leader, nor a fixed agenda, nor are they guided by much more than the needs of their members, which can vary often. A work group is a group of people who organize themselves around a common goal, but often without distributing the work.
Animals also work in teams, especially in cases where there is a mutual benefit for individuals , as is the case with biotic commensalism relationships . Commensal animals undertake a relationship of mutual benefit or benefit of one without detriment to the other, usually around feeding or protection against predators.
So do, for example, some marine predators and certain species of scavenger crustaceans: the former come to the latter to clean their teeth, removing the pieces of the hunt, in exchange for providing them with easily accessible food .
It is also common to see teamwork among individuals in a hive or massive den , as is the case with many insects. These common efforts among numerous individuals make it possible to repel aggressors, transfer huge food quotas and, in short, benefit the entire hive, even if it is at the expense of a few individuals. Ants are the best example.
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