We explain what the Versailles Treaty was, the conditions it imposed on Germany, its causes and consequences.
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace agreements that ended the First World War on June 28, 1919 . Its name comes from the place of its signature, in the Gallery of Mirrors of the Palace of the city of Versailles, France.
This event, in which more than 50 countries intervened , specifically ended the state of war between the German Empire (or Second German Reich) and the Allied countries.
Eleven months before the signing of the Treaty of Versailles an armistice (1918) had already been signed between the warring parties. However, it took several months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to reach a final agreement.
This treaty entered into force on January 10, 1920 , subjecting the German Empire to a strict disarmament regime. He forced him to assume all the moral and material responsibility of what until then had been the greatest and most catastrophic armed conflict in the modern history of mankind.
The impositions included, for example, gigantic compensation to the victorious countries. The terms of the treaty generated enormous resentment in the German population and the feeling that the debt would be impossible to pay. Consequently, he was partially responsible for the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler’s access to power.
After the fall of the Empire, the Weimar Republic was established in Germany. However, its political weakness added to the very poor living conditions of the German working class . That is why the treaty authority was undermined from 1922 and its restrictions systematically violated by the Nazi regime in the thirties.
The Treaty of Versailles was composed of fifteen parts, each composed of a variable number of articles, which detailed the resolutions imposed on the defeated in various thematic axes. They included from sanctions, economic and financial clauses, to redefinition of German borders and guarantees that would prevent future conflicts.
Broadly speaking, these provisions imposed on Germany the following:
The Treaty of Versailles has a unique and great cause: the defeat of the Central Powers during the First World War . Given the devastating nature of the conflict, the victors reacted viciously to their defeated enemies, subjecting them to various treaties drafted at their own convenience. The Treaty of Versailles was only one of them.
On the other hand, after the signing of the armistice the Peace Conferences of 1919 were held, attended by representatives of the victorious powers and the access of the defeated was not allowed. Thus, everything agreed upon was imposed without their voice or vote. This allows us to understand the feeling of arbitrariness that prompted the Treaty of Versailles.
The terms of the treaty were received as an insult and humiliation. Its economic consequences in Germany were catastrophic , unleashing hyperinflation, social suffering and political instability, factors that later allowed the emergence of fascism .
These terms were so abusive that the US Senate refused to sign the treaty and therefore did not take part in the League of Nations, greatly reducing its power to the nascent UN .
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