We explain what populism is, its history and how this government is characterized. Examples of Latin American populisms. The Russian case
Populism is a form of government with strong leadership of a charismatic subject , with proposals for social equality and popular mobilization. It is important to note the dichotomous simplification and the clear predominance of emotional arguments over rational ones.
The term populism is used, in many cases, in a pejorative way , in itself it does not imply that the regime belongs to the right or the left but rather describes other aspects such as the lack of economic planning.
The governments populists may have projects politicians of any kind. When Latin American governments take social measures aimed at gaining the sympathy of the population , they are called populists. One of the criticisms of populism points to the universal character of the term.
It is correct to say that populism arose in the 19th century simultaneously in Russian and American territory. Throughout history , both communist and socialist sectors have called governments of countries that did not intend to overthrow capitalism , but were functional to that economic system.
Some common practices of populism have to do with sustaining a critical attitude towards the United States and with planning the economy under the Keynesian model. These governments have also pretended that the popular sectors hold the totality of power, as an enemy face of the well-off classes that have interests opposed to the working class .
Populist regimes have encouraged indigenous culture to reject imperialism , without necessarily reinforcing nationalism . Some examples of these regimes were Mexican agrarianism, American populism, Italian carbonarians and Spanish cantonalism.
Although governments of these characteristics have tried to maintain cold relations with the United States, there have also been presidents in that country who implemented populist practices, such as Roosevelt and Kennedy. In some Spanish newspapers, Obama has been branded as populist but this qualification was controversial.
In Russia, populism was a doctrine and an ideological structure product of a generation of young intellectuals who criticized national social, economic and political conditions in the mid-19th century.
Populism was considered a radical thought , so many young people did not go beyond the action of theorizing political commitment . Among the repercussions that professing populist thought could have were persecution, kidnappings and murders. In that context, Herzen is considered the father of this system , since he strongly opposed bourgeois development and longed for the transition to socialism to be achieved without first going through capitalism.
Russian populism gave back to the people the faith that they could intervene in their future and being a broad ideological sector and allowing themselves to embrace many positions of different natures, achieved many adherents. Herzen, within the classical populist doctrine, explained the need for a revolution of the economic type, because one of the political type could not resolve all the contradictions in the nation.
Finally, we can make a chronological division of Russian populism:
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