We explain what a planet is and what its main characteristics are. The planets of the Solar System and what is a natural satellite.
A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a star , and that has enough mass to reach a hydrostatic equilibrium (between the force of gravity and the energy generated by its nucleus). This balance allows it to maintain its sphere shape, to dominate orbit (prevents other bodies from invading its path) and not to emit its own light, but to reflect the light of the star around which it gravitates.
Our planet Earth, like the seven remaining planets of the solar system , revolve around the Sun in orbit. They all share the characteristics that define a body as a “planet” and, nevertheless, present differences according to its composition and its location in the Solar system.
The planets of the Solar System are classified according to their composition, and can be:
The planets are also classified according to their location with respect to the distance from the Sun, and can be:
Since Pluto was discovered in 1930 it was considered a planet until 2006 when, after intense international debate, it was decided to re-categorize Pluto as a “dwarf planet” of the Solar System because it does not meet one of the characteristics to be considered a planet : It has no orbital dominance (its orbit is not free of other bodies in its path and has five satellites that have the same type of orbit). Pluto is a dwarf planet, with rocky characteristics and an exterior type because it is the farthest body from the Sun. Other dwarf planets have been recognized, in addition to Pluto, such as Ceres, Heumea, Makemake and Eris.
There are eight planets in our Solar System , in order from the closest to the farthest from the Sun:
A natural satellite is a celestial body that revolves around another star (in general, a planet) and accompanies it in its orbit around the star. It is characterized by being solid, smaller than the star it orbits and can be bright or opaque. Some planets may have several natural satellites that are held together by reciprocal gravity forces.
The natural satellite of our planet is the Moon , its size is a quarter of the Earth’s diameter and it is the fifth largest satellite in the solar system. It is at an orbital distance of thirty times the diameter of the Earth. The Moon takes twenty-seven days to circle around the planet and turn around on its own axis and, therefore, the same lunar face is always seen from the earth’s surface.
A natural satellite is not the same as an artificial satellite . The latter is manufactured by the human being , it also remains in orbit around bodies of space and, once its useful life ends, it is orbiting as space junk or it can disintegrate if it passes through the atmosphere upon its return.
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