We explain what literary movements are, how they are classified, their main characteristics and various examples.
Just as there are artistic movements in general, literary movements are the different historical and aesthetic trends that make up the history of literature . That is, we refer to the different literary aspects that, throughout the historical evolution of this artistic genre, have emerged in the different regions of the world.
There have been many literary movements, some more popular than others, some more durable than others, and some more influential than others in the way the rest of the world understands literature. Many of them were very revolutionary, and were often accompanied by similar variants in other arts , such as painting or music, or also in philosophy .
Each movement is endowed with its own and recognizable meaning , generally in dialogue or opposition to the literary tradition of the moment, or to the general spirit of its time. This is because the movement is governed by some principles or foundations shared by its authors, although expressed individually.
This does not mean that they necessarily agreed, knew each other or even felt at the time part of the same system. Although this occurs in some cases, in general these distinguishing features are the terms with which specialists interpret and organize the history of literature.
There is no proper classification of literary movements, as each has its own spirit, its own context and its own history. However, one could organize them into larger categories, such as:
They can also be classified according to their inscription in the great intellectual movements of humanity: Renaissance , Baroque , Romanticism , Realism , Classicism, Neoclassicism, etc.
Literary movements are categories in which the history of literature is organized. However, on many occasions they were proposed by literary groups , that is, by groups of writers who expressly set out to create a literary philosophy among all, each in its own way, being part of the same system intentionally.
For example, the Surrealists were very aware of their existence as an artistic group (not only literary, also of Plastic Arts ) and had a set of writing techniques that they proposed and used among all. In some cases, these techniques were novel and inaugurated practices that were then continued, past the time of the group.
In other words, literary movements have no strict time limits or scientific definitions, such as who classifies chemical elements. The same author can have, throughout his work, an initial literary tendency, and then change it gradually to end by inaugurating something new.
Unlike other more spectacular art forms with greater media impact, literature is a particularly slow art form: books must be written, edited, published and made known, and then read, appreciated, organized in movements, etc. . Therefore, many of the literary movements can be seen only in retrospect.
Broadly speaking, literary movements distinguish each other by their conception of what literature is , or what its purpose is, or in what specific way language should be used . In the same way, some cultivated a literary genre more than others, be it poetry , narrative or dramaturgy.
Some of the most popular literary movements are:
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