EMF equals the potential difference between the two poles when no current flows through the circuit. Voltage refers to the energy required to transfer an electrical charge from one end of the circuit to the other divided by the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, although EMF and voltage are intrinsically linked, they are also significantly different.
Comparison parameters | EMF | voltage |
Definition | Defined as voltage produced within an electrical source. | Defined as the potential difference between two given points in a circuit. |
Formula | Ε = I (R + r) | V = I + R |
Intensity | Constant intensity maintained | The intensity is not constant |
Measuring instrument | Measured with an EMF meter. | Measured with a voltmeter. |
Force operation | Coulomb force operation. | Force operation without Coulomb. |
Sources | Dynamo, electrochemical cells, solar cells. | Electric and magnetic fields. |
EMF is short for electromotive force which is defined as the voltage produced within an electrical cell. Energy is converted from one form to another in a generator or battery. For this purpose, one terminal of the generator or battery is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
Work done per unit charge is indicated by EMF. EMF is the energy provided by a cell or battery per unit of charge coulomb through it. When no current flows through the circuit, EMF equals the potential difference between the two terminals. Volt is the unit of measurement for EMF. The symbol for EMF is ε.
There are several alternative formulas for calculating EMF.
Another formula used to find electromagnetic fields is:
The formula can be modified taking into account the internal resistance of the cell. Then we get another method to calculate EMF:
Voltage is defined as the amount of potential energy that flows between two points in a circuit. It is also defined as the amount of potential energy available per unit charge.
Voltage can also be defined as the pressure required to push the electrical charge per unit through a conductive loop in a circuit. It is the work done to move a unit charge from one point in the circuit to another.
The unit of measurement for voltage is the same as EMF. Named after the Italian scientist Alessandro Volta, this unit of measurement is shared by EMF and voltage. Volta is credited with discovering the first electronic drums.
Therefore, the voltage is indicated in the equations as ‘V’. Voltage is a product of electric and magnetic fields. Ohm’s law is used to calculate the voltage drop for each resistor. Common voltage symbols include V, ∆V, U, ∆U.
The formula to calculate the voltage:
V = I + R where,
There are several prominent differences between electromagnetic fields and voltage that powerfully distinguish one concept from another. They are differentiated by their formulas, intensity, measuring devices, force operation and sources.
While EMF denotes the measure of the potential difference between the two terminals of a cell when no current flows through it. Voltage is the measure of the potential difference between two given points when current flows through the cell. The first maintains a constant intensity while the second can fluctuate.
Solar cells, electric generators, and electrochemical cells are sources of EMF, while voltage is produced by an electric or magnetic field. Although both concepts are closely related to electrical circuits and current flow, they are significantly different.
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