We explain what earthquakes are and what types of earthquakes exist. What are its causes and consequences. Tidal waves
It is called earthquake (from the Latin terre : “earth”, and motus : “movement”) or also earthquake, earthquake, tremor or telluric movement, to an episode of violent and temporary shaking of the earth’s crust , the result of the sudden release of energy (seismic wave) in the subsoil, where certain geological phenomena occur, such as faults, volcanoes or frictions between tectonic plates.
An earthquake has an underground focus or point of origin, known as the hypocenter , and a point on the surface directly above the focus, called the epicenter, where the greatest intensity of movement usually occurs . In almost all cases, after the tremor, earthquakes of much less intensity occur , known as aftershocks .
The magnitude of the force of the movement is usually measured according to the Richter Scale , a record of the local magnitude of the tremor that ranges from 2.0 (imperceptible daily micro tremors) to 10 (never recorded).
This type of seismic events are manifested recurrently, on a cyclical basis, according to the movement over the centuries of the tectonic plates of the subsoil, and to the processes of change characteristic of the earth’s crust. Seismologists are dedicated to the study of earthquakes and to calculate their chances of repetition over time .
Earthquakes have occurred since time immemorial and have always transmitted to the human being an impression of the gigantic forces of nature , insofar as they have caused tragedies and generated secondary catastrophes.
Usually three different types of earthquake are considered, according to the region of the crust in which its hypocenter is located:
A tremor can respond to various causes, natural and of human origin:
Earthquakes can have various consequences, such as:
It is known as a tsunami or tsunami for the purpose of transmitting the seismic waves of an earthquake to the water of the oceans , producing an initial withdrawal and then a gigantic wave that can travel several kilometers and crash on the coast, depending on how much energy is released by the initial earthquake. It is one of the most feared and devastating effects of tremors, and the “tsunami warning” is usually after the end of the great earthquakes.
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