we explain that procedural language tells the computer “what to do and how to do”. while nonprocedural language tells the computer “what to do not how to do”. the basic differences between procedural and nonprocedural language are that procedural language requires a large number of instructions and it is difficult to learn. on the other hand, nonprocedural language requires a few instructions and it is easy to learn or understand.
differences between procedural and nonprocedural language in tabular form:
| Procedural language/3GL | Nonprocedural language/4GL |
| It tells the computer “what to do and how to do”. | It tells the computer “what to do not to do”. |
| It is difficult to learn. | Nonprocedural languages are easy to learn. |
| It is difficult to debug. | It is easy to debug. |
| Procedural language requires a large number of procedural instructions. | Nonprocedural languages require a few nonprocedural instructions. |
| It is typically file-oriented. | It is typical database-oriented. |
| It provides many programming capabilities. | It provides fewer programming capabilities. |
| It is normally used by professional programmers. | It can be used by professional and nontechnical users. |
What is Procedural language? (Explained)
These languages are also famous as third-generation languages or 3GL. In procedural languages, a program has predefined the sets of instructions. Devise i.e. computer, laptop, mobile etc., executes these instructions in the same sequence in which these instructions are written. The number of instruction in this language tells the computer what to do and how to do.
Procedural language Advantages:
- Program statements are similar to English and are easy to learn.
- Short time is required to write these programs.
- These programs are easy to understand and modify.
Procedural language Disadvantages:
- These programs execute more slowly.
- The languages use computer resources less efficiently.
What are the Most Famous Procedural Languages?
BASIC:
Basics stand for Beginner All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was created in 1960. Basic was used mainly by students to use the computer for solving simple problems. It is very easy to understand and modify. Basic has a key advantage to widely used for education purposes.
FORTRAN:
It stands for FORMULA TRANSLATION. FORTRAN is mainly used for engineering applications and scientific use.
COBOL:
It stands for common business-oriented language. COBOL is specially designed for business application. COBOL was developed in the 1960s. The programs written in COBOL are very lengthy but easy to read, write, understand and maintain.
PASCAL:
PASCAL Language is used for both scientific and business applications. PASCAL’s name was assigned in the honor of a French Mathematician Pascal.
C Language:
C language is a famous high-level language. C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT and T Bell Laboratories in 1972. C Language was written as a part of the UNIX operating system. It is also known as middle-level language.
what are Nonprocedural Languages? (Explained)
These languages are also known as fourth-generation languages or 4GL. In these languages, the user only needs to tell the computer that what to do not how to do it. They can be used by non-technical users to perform specific tasks. Non-procedure languages accelerate the programming process and reduce coding errors. 4GL is normally used in database applications and report generation.
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What is meant by SQL?
SQL stands for structured Query Language. SQL is the most popular database query language. It was developed by IBM. It is the national standard by the American national standards institute. SQL works with database programs like MS-ACCESS, DB2, INFORMIX, MS SQL SERVER, ORACLE, Sybase, etc.
What is RPG?
RPG stands for REPORT PROGRAM GENRATOR. RPG was developed in the 1960s by IBM. RPG is used to generate business reports. RPG is also popular as a nonprocedural language. Is mostly used with IBM mid-range Computers.
what are Object-Oriented Languages?
Object-Oriented Programming is a technique in which programs are written on the basis of objects. An object is a collection of data and functions. An object may represent a person, thing or place, etc. in the real world. In Object-Oriented Languages data and all possible functions on data are grouped together. OOP is easy to learn and modify. C ++ AND Java are the two most famous object-oriented languages.
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