We explain to you what the chemical hazard is, in what circumstances it is higher, what types of chemical hazard that are exist and the characteristics of each one.
In chemistry , chemical risk or chemical hazard is understood as those conditions of potential damage to health caused by uncontrolled exposure to chemical agents of various kinds. In other words, it is about the danger posed by chemical compounds and chemical substances , capable of causing diseases, chronic effects or death.
The severity of these risks depends on factors such as the nature of the chemical agents, their concentration, or the time and route of exposure to them.
It is not exaggerated, however, if it is claimed that virtually every reactive chemical has a potential for change in the nature ( chemical contamination ) or in the organism of a living being , only that some will be more harmful in the short term and others will be, on the contrary, less immediate.
There is a potential chemical risk in jobs that involve the management of toxic substances , or in those that are underproduced and not properly managed, or in which personnel lack the minimum basic protections.
However, there is also a chemical risk in nature itself, since the dumping of chemical substances into the environment takes place in alarming daily proportions. And not always nature can deal with them effectively and autonomously.
The chemical risks can be diverse, depending on the effect they may have on living beings, particularly the human being. So, we talk about:
The material form of a hazardous chemical can influence how it enters the body and to some extent the damage it causes. The main material forms of hazardous chemicals are solids, powders, liquids, vapors, and gases.
Solids are the forms of dangerous chemicals that are likely to cause chemical poisoning, although some can cause poisoning if they touch the skin or get into food when ingested. Hazardous chemicals in solid form can give off toxic fumes that can be inhaled, and solids can be flammable and explosive, as well as corrosive to the skin.
They are solid particles that are generated from molten condensation.
Powders are small particles of solids. The main danger from hazardous dusts is that they can be breathed in and get into the lungs. The smallest particles are the most dangerous because they can enter the lungs and have harmful effects, or they can be absorbed into the bloodstream and pass to parts of the body, or they can cause injury to the eyes. Under certain conditions, dusts can explode, for example in grain silos or flour mills.
Many liquid chemicals are dangerous as they give off vapors that can be inhaled and can be highly toxic, depending on the substance. Some products can immediately damage the skin and others pass directly through the skin into the bloodstream so they can travel to different parts of the body. Moisture and vapors are often invisible.
Many liquid chemicals evaporate at room temperature, which means they form a vapor and remain in the air. The vapors of some chemicals can irritate the eyes and skin, and inhalation can have serious health consequences. Vapors may be flammable or explosive.
Gaseous substance at a temperature of 20 ° C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (1 atm). Some gases may have harmful (toxic, corrosive …) or dangerous (flammable, explosive …) properties. Detecting its presence by odor is misleading: Many gases and vapors have their toxicity threshold below the odor threshold.
Definition: These chemicals cause destruction of living tissues and / or inert materials.
Caution: Do not inhale and avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Examples:
Definition: Substances and preparations that can explode under the effect of a flame or that are more sensitive to shocks or frictions than dinitrobenzene .
Caution: Avoid bumps, shocks, friction, flames or sources of heat.
Examples:
Definition: Substances that have the ability to ignite other substances, facilitating combustion and preventing fire fighting.
Caution: Avoid contact with combustible materials.
Examples:
Definition: Substances and preparations that can be heated and finally ignited in contact with air at a normal temperature without the need for energy, or that can be easily ignited by a brief action of a source of ignition and that continue to burn or burn after having removed the source of ignition, or flammable in contact with air at normal pressure, or that, in contact with water or humid air, emit easily flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
Caution: Avoid contact with ignitive materials (air, water).
Examples:
Classification : Compressed, liquid or dissolved gaseous substances, contained at pressure of 200 kPa or higher, in a container that can explode on heat.
Caution : Never throw them into fire
Examples:
Classification : Substances and preparations that by skin penetration, may involve serious, acute or chronic health risks.
Caution : All contact with the human body should be avoided.
Examples:
Definition: Substances and preparations that by inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin, cause serious health problems and even death.
Caution: All contact with the human body should be avoided.
Examples:
Definition: Substances and preparations which, by inhalation, ingestion or skin penetration, may pose serious or acute health risks.
Caution: Contact with the human body, as well as inhalation of vapors, should be avoided
Examples:
Definition: The contact of this substance with the environment can cause damage to the ecosystem in the short or long term.
Handling: Due to its potential risk, it should not be released into the pipes, the ground or the environment.
Examples:
One way to control and reduce the risk associated with chemicals is stored in suitable conditions for which there exists a rules based on technical and legal aspects:
The accumulation of chemicals in storage places creates risks that can and should be eliminated or reduced. In this regard, it is necessary to distinguish industrial facilities with high volumes of substances from other places with limited storage capacity (laboratories, hospitals …).
In the case of industrial premises, storage facilities must comply with European and Spanish standards. These include storage guidelines, called “Supplemental Technical Instructions” or ITCs for some specific compounds. It is worth highlighting the obligation to register in a Register of Industrial Establishments when the quantity of stored product exceeds certain limits.
In the case of places with limited storage capacity (laboratories, hospitals …) a series of basic work rules are recommended.
Managing the risks of chemical warehouses involves following minimum management measures:
An important aspect to consider is the ability of some chemicals to react with each other, so the risk of an uncontrolled reaction must be prevented. For this, chemicals are usually separated based on their reactivity.
The basic incompatibilities are:
To this is added the convenience of separating toxic products from flammable and explosive products, so that the incompatibility table can be expanded with a more detailed classification of the types of incompatible substances.
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