We explain to you what the capitalist mode of production is according to Marxism, its origin, advantages, disadvantages and other characteristics.
According to Marxist terminology , the capitalist mode of production is that of capitalist societies that emerged after the Bourgeois Revolutions that ended the medieval feudal model . According to Marx’s postulates, his own internal dynamic leads him to extinction and the final emergence of communism.
The capitalist mode of production is considered by non-Marxist scholars as an economic system, in which the value of goods and services is expressed in monetary terms, the same in which people are rewarded for their work.
On the other hand, for Marxist orthodoxy, capitalism is the economic model in which the bourgeoisie holds control of the means of production . But it is also a model of social, political and economic organization.
Recall that the bourgeoisie is the intermediate social class between the peasant servants and the landowning aristocracy . At the end of the medieval period, along with mercantilism , the dynamics of international merchandise exchange, but also revolutionary advances in technology , science and culture .
All these developments forever changed the way in which human needs were met, shifting the focus of rural labor to urban commerce. Thus, the capitalist mode of production is the system of an industrial era , in which capital has shifted in importance to land tenure.
According to the traditional Marxist interpretation, capitalism works on the basis of two pillars. On the one hand, the bourgeoisie control of the means of production (factories, for example). On the other hand, the alienation of workers from their productive work , that is, that the latter feel alien to the work they do.
In this way, the bourgeois can exploit them , paying them a salary in exchange for their work , but taking advantage of surplus value : the added value that the worker’s labor incorporates into the final product. Since this added value far exceeds the worker’s salary, the employment relationship benefits only from the bourgeoisie , which also makes the effort.
In simpler terms, capitalism consists in the exchange of time and the working capacity of workers, for a salary calculated per hour and for the complexity of the tasks to be performed. The salary will never exceed the profits of the factory owner, who invest in it the capital and sometimes the headquarters, but not the work.
From this arrangement the worker obtains money to consume goods and services, while the bourgeois obtains profits that he can reinvest in the business (or make it grow) and money for his own subsistence. The group of workers is called, as a class , proletariat.
Such a socioeconomic arrangement would not be possible without the existence of private property , given that the bourgeoisie owns the means of production , and therefore decides who works and who does not. However, the terms in which the work will be given are negotiated with its workers (unions, unions, etc.) and with the State (ideally).
Capitalism as a system emerged after the fall of feudalism in the fifteenth century . The imperial expansion of the main European powers circulated large dimensions of merchandise from other regions of the world. Thus the bourgeoisie was born as a new social class that had defeated the landowning aristocracy of the Middle Ages.
This class of merchants of plebeian origin, but owned capital. Thus they became the owners of the first companies that forever changed the way goods and services are produced in the world.
They promoted scientific, spiritual and political changes that led to the so-called Bourgeois Revolutions, whose climatic point was the fall of monarchical absolutism (with Revolutions such as the French Revolution in 1789, or with gradual transitions) and the beginning of the capitalist democratic republics that We know today.
The advantages of capitalism as a system are notorious, as well as its disadvantages. The positive aspect of the system can be summarized in:
On the other hand, the disadvantages of capitalism are also worth mentioning:
The concept of surplus value is central to the doctrine of Marxism, which considers it essentially as a robbery that the ruling class makes on the effort of the worker , remaining with a portion of more significant value in monetary terms than that rewarded by salary.
Thanks to labor and union struggles , many of which generated not a few social, political and cultural conflicts throughout the twentieth century, the distribution of such surplus value could be renegotiated between workers and employers, as well as employment conditions.
Thus the hours of employment were rationed, exploitation was controlled and, in a nutshell, a more human capitalism was achieved for the working class . However, according to the doctrine of Karl Marx, such a struggle to free oneself from exploitation would not end until unleashing the historical forces that lead to socialism .
Just as there is the capitalist mode of production, we can talk about:
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